The bibliography below illustrates the science behind Sciona's products and services.
These studies provide the scientific foundation for nutrigenomics, diet-related genes, and diet and lifestyle associations to particular gene variants that you might like to know more about concerning the Mycellf Program and Action Plan. They represent only a small selection of the original research papers that were used in the development of Sciona's Mycellf Program.
Ambrosone, C. B., J. L.
Freudenheim, et al. (1999). "Manganese
superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genetic polymorphisms, dietary antioxidants, and
risk of breast cancer." Cancer Res 59(3):602-6.
Bailey, L.B., J.F. Gregory . (1999). "Polymorphisms
of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and other enzymes: metabolic significance,
risks and impact on folate requirement." J Nutr 129(5): 919-22
Bailey, L.B., J.F. Gregory. (1999). "Folate
metabolism and requirements." J Nutr 129(4): 779-82
Borgstahl, G. E., H. E. Parge, et al. (1996).
"Human mitochondrial
manganese superoxide dismutase polymorphic variant Ile58Thr reduces activity by
destabilizing the tetrameric interface." Biochemistry 35(14): 4287-97.
Bosco, P., Gueant-Rodriguez,
R. M., Anello, G., Barone, C., Namour, F., Caraci, F., Romano, A., Romano, C.,
and Gueant, J. L. (2003). Methionine synthase (MTR) 2756 (A --> G) polymorphism,
double heterozygosity methionine synthase 2756 AG/methionine synthase reductase
(MTRR) 66 AG, and elevated homocysteinemia are three risk factors for having a
child with Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet 121A, 219-224.
Bosron, W.F., L. Ting-Kai (1986). "Genetic
polymorphism of human liver alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, and their relationship
to alcohol metabolism and alcoholism." Hepatology 6(3): 502 - 510
Brown, S., Ordovas, JM.,
Campos, H. (2003). Interaction between the APOC3 gene promoter polymorphisms,
saturated fat intake and plasma lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis, 170: 307-313.
Chango, A., F. Boisson, et al. (2000). "The
effect of 677C-->T and 1298A-->C mutations on plasma homocysteine and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
reductase activity in healthy subjects." Br J Nutr 83(6): 593-6.
Cheng, T., Z. Zhu et al. (2001). "Effects
of multinutrient supplementation on antioxidant defense systems in healthy human
beings." J Nutr Biochem 12(7): 388-395.
Chistyakov, D. A., Savost'anov, et al. (2001).
"Polymorphisms
in the Mn-SOD and EC-SOD genes and their relationship to diabetic neuropathy in
type 1 diabetes mellitus." BMC Med Genet 2(1): 4.
Cosma, G., F. Crofts, et al. (1993). "Relationship
between genotype and function of the human CYP1A1 gene." J Toxicol Environ
Health 40(2-3): 309-16.
Crabb, D. W., H. J. Edenberg, et al. (1989).
"Genotypes for aldehyde
dehydrogenase deficiency and alcohol sensitivity. The inactive ALDH2(2) allele
is dominant." J Clin Invest 83(1): 314-6.
Crofts, F., E. Taioli, et al. (1994). "Functional
significance of different human CYP1A1 genotypes." Carcinogenesis 15(12):
2961-3.
Cronin K A, Krebs-Smith S M, Feuer E J, Troiano
R P, Ballard-Barbash R. (2001 May). "Evaluating
the impact of population changes in diet, physical activity, and weight status
on population risk for colon cancer (United States)". Cancer Causes Control
12(4):305-16.
Dekou, V., P. Whincup, et al. (2001). "The
effect of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate
reductase gene on homocysteine levels in elderly men and women from the British
regional heart study." Atherosclerosis 154(3): 659-66.
Department of Health, London;
Stationary Office (2000). Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy.
Folic acid and the prevention of disease.
Egan, K. M., Thompson, P.
A., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Moore, J. H., and Ambrosone, C. B. (2003). MnSOD polymorphism
and breast cancer in a population-based case-control study. Cancer Lett 199, 27-33.
Fennell, T. R., J. P. MacNeela, et al. (2000).
"Hemoglobin adducts
from acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in cigarette smokers: effects of glutathione
S-transferase T1-null and M1-null genotypes." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
Prev 9(7): 705-12.
Fohr I.O., R. Prinz-Lnagenohl, et al. (2002).
"10-Methyleneterahydrofolate
reductase genotype determines the plasma homocysteine-lowering effect of supplementation
with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or folic acid in healthy young women."
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75: 275 - 82
Fontana, R. J., K. S. Lown, et al. (1999). "Effects
of a chargrilled meat diet on expression of CYP3A, CYP1A, and P- glycoprotein
levels in healthy volunteers." Gastroenterology 117(1): 89-98.
Fowke JH, Longcope C, Hebert JR. (2000). "Brassica
Vegetable Consumption Shifts Estrogen Metabolism in Healthy Postmenopausal Women."
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9(8):773-779.
Gao, X., T. Albena, Dinkova-Kostova, P. Talalay
(2001). "Powerful and
prolonged protection of human retinal pigment epithelial cells, keratinocytes,
and mouse leukemia cells against oxidative damage: The indirect antioxidant effects
of sulforaphane." PNAS 98(26): 15221 - 15226.
Gaudet, M. M., Olshan, A.
F., Poole, C., Weissler, M. C., Watson, M., and Bell, D. A. (2003). Diet, GSTM1,
and GSTT1 and head and neck cancer. Carcinogenesis.
Getahun SM, Chung FL.. (1999). "Conversion
of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates in humans after ingestion of cooked watercress."
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Preview 8(5): 447 - 451.
Giovannucci, E. (1999). "Nutritional
factors in human cancers." Adv Exp Med Biol 472: 29-42.
Giovannucci, E. M.J. Stampfer, et al. (1998).
"Multivitamin
use, folate, and colon cancer in women in the Nurses' Health Study."
Annals of Internal Medicine 129: 517 – 524
Grimble RF, Howell WM, O'Reilly
G, Turner SJ, Markovic O, Hirrell S, East JM, Calder PC. (2002) The ability of
fish oil to suppress tumor necrosis factor alpha production by peripheral blood
mononuclear cells in healthy men is associated with polymorphisms in genes that
influence tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Am J Clin Nutr. 76(2): 454-9
Guyonnet, D., Belloir, C., Suschetet, M., Siess,
M.H., Le Bon, A.M. (2001)
"Antimutagenic activity of organosulfur compounds from Allium is associated
with phase II enzyme induction." Mut Res 496(1-2)135-142
Harada, S., D. P. Agarwal, et al. (2001). "Metabolic
and ethnic determinants of alcohol drinking habits and vulnerability to alcohol-related
disorder." Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25(5 Suppl ISBRA): 71S-75S.
Icke, G. C., Dennis, M.,
Sjollema, S., Nicol, D. J., and Eikelboom, J. W. (2004a). Red cell N(5)-methyltetrahydrofolate
concentrations and C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype in patients
with stroke. J Clin Pathol 57, 54-57.
Inoue, K., T. Asao, et al. (2000). "Ethnic-related
differences in the frequency distribution of genetic polymorphisms in the CYP1A1
and CYP1B1 genes in Japanese and Caucasian populations." Xenobiotica
30(3): 285-95.1.
Jacques, P. F., A. G. Bostom, et al. (1996).
"Relation between
folate status, a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and plasma
homocysteine concentrations." Circulation 93(1): 7-9.
Kang, Z. C., S. J. Tsai, et al. (1999). "Quercetin
inhibits benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA adducts in human Hep G2 cells by altering
cytochrome P-450 1A1 gene expression." Nutr Cancer 35(2): 175-9.
Kao, W. H., Coresh, J.,
Shuldiner, A. R., Boerwinkle, E., Bray, M. S., and Brancati, F. L. (2003). Pro12Ala
of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with
lower serum insulin levels in nonobese African Americans: the Atherosclerosis
Risk in Communities Study. Diabetes 52, 1568-1572.
Klerk, M., Lievers, K. J.,
Kluijtmans, L. A., Blom, H. J., den Heijer, M., Schouten, E. G., Kok, F. J., and
Verhoef, P. (2003). The 2756A>G variant in the gene encoding methionine synthase:
its relation with plasma homocysteine levels and risk of coronary heart disease
in a Dutch case-control study. Thromb Res 110, 87-91.
Lampe, J.W., C.Chen et
al. (2000). "Modulation
of human glutathione S-transferases by botanically defined vegetable diets."
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Preview 9(8):787-93.
Landi, S. (2000). "Mammalian
class theta GST and differential susceptibility to carcinogens: a review."
Mutat Res 463(3): 247-83.
Lanza, E; Schatzkin, A, Daston, C, Corle, D;
Freedman, L, Ballard-Barbash, R, Caan, B, Lance, P, Marshall, J, Iber, F, Shike,
M, Weissfeld, J, Slattery, M, Paskett, E, Mateski, D, Albert, P, and the PPT Study
Group (2001). "Implementation
of a 4-y, high-fiber, high-fruit-and-vegetable, low-fat dietary intervention:
results of dietary changes in the Polyp Prevention Trial 1, 2" Am J Clin
Nutr 74:387-401
Li, S., Chen, W., Srinivasan,
S. R., Boerwinkle, E., and Berenson, G. S. (2003). The peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor-gamma2 gene polymorphism (Pro12Ala) beneficially influences insulin resistance
and its tracking from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Diabetes
52, 1265-1269.
Lin HJ, Probst-Hensch NM, Louie AD, Kau IH,
Witte JS, Ingles SA, Frankl HD, Lee ER, Haile RW. (1998 Aug). "Glutathione
transferase null genotype, broccoli, and lower prevalence of colorectal adenomas."
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7(8):647-52.
London, S. J., J. M. Yuan, et al. (2000). "Isothiocyanates,
glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms, and lung-cancer risk: a prospective
study of men in Shanghai, China." Lancet 356(9231): 724-9.
Lutz, W. K. (1999). "Carcinogens
in the diet vs overnutrition. Individual dietary habits, malnutrition, and genetic
susceptibility modify carcinogenic potency and cancer risk.” Mutation
Research 443: 251-258
Michaud DS, Spiegelman
D, et al..(1999). "Fruit
and vegetable intake and incidence of bladder cancer in a male prospective cohort."
J Natl Cancer Inst 91(7): 605-13.
Miller MC 3rd, Mohrenweiser HW, Bell DA. (2001).
“Genetic variability
in susceptibility and response to toxicants.” Toxicol Lett 120(1-3):269-80
Nijhoff, W.A., T.P. Mulder et al. (1995). "Effects
of consumption of brussels sprouts on plasma and urinary glutathione S-transferase
class-alpha and -pi in humans." Carcinogenesis 16(4): 955-7.
Ortlepp, J. R., Metrikat,
J., Albrecht, M., von Korff, A., Hanrath, P., and Hoffmann, R. (2003). The vitamin
D receptor gene variant and physical activity predicts fasting glucose levels
in healthy young men. Diabet Med 20, 451-454.
Ostgren, C. J., Lindblad,
U., Melander, O., Melander, A., Groop, L., and Rastam, L. (2003). Peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor-gammaPro12Ala polymorphism and the association with blood pressure in
type 2 diabetes: skaraborg hypertension and diabetes project. J Hypertens 21,
1657-1662.
Palli, D., Masala, G., Peluso,
M., Gaspari, L., Krogh, V., Munnia, A., Panico, S., Saieva, C., Tumino, R., Vineis,
P., and Garte, S. (2004). The effects of diet on DNA bulky adduct levels are strongly
modified by GSTM1 genotype: a study on 634 subjects. Carcinogenesis.
Palli, D., Masala, G., Vineis,
P., Garte, S., Saieva, C., Krogh, V., Panico, S., Tumino, R., Munnia, A., Riboli,
E., and Peluso, M. (2003). Biomarkers of dietary intake of micronutrients modulate
DNA adduct levels in healthy adults. Carcinogenesis 24, 739-746.
Parke, D.V. (1999). "Antioxidants
and disease prevention: mechanisms of action". Antioxidants in Human Health.
CABI Publishing.
Perera, F. P. and I. B.
Weinstein (2000). "Molecular
epidemiology: recent advances and future directions." Carcinogenesis
21(3): 517-24.
Poulsen, P., Andersen, G.,
Fenger, M., Hansen, T., Echwald, S. M., Volund, A., Beck-Nielsen, H., Pedersen,
O., and Vaag, A. (2003). Impact of two common polymorphisms in the PPARgamma gene
on glucose tolerance and plasma insulin profiles in monozygotic and dizygotic
twins: thrifty genotype, thrifty phenotype, or both? Diabetes 52, 194-198.
Romieu, I., Sienra-Monge,
J. J., Ramirez-Aguilar, M., Moreno-Macias, H., Reyes-Ruiz, N. I., Estela del Rio-Navarro,
B., Hernandez-Avila, M., and London, S. J. (2004). Genetic polymorphism of GSTM1
and antioxidant supplementation influence lung function in relation to ozone exposure
in asthmatic children in Mexico City. Thorax 59, 8-10.
Rozen, R. (2000). "Genetic
modulation of homocysteinemia." Semin Thromb Hemost 26(3): 255-61.
Sandhu MS, White IR, McPherson K. (2001). “Systematic
review of the prospective cohort studies on meat consumption and colorectal cancer
risk: a meta-analytical approach.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
10(5): 439-46
Schuppe HC, Wieneke P, Donat S, Fritsche E,
Kohn FM, Abel J. (2000). “Xenobiotic
metabolism, genetic polymorphisms and male infertility.” Andrologia
32(4-5): 255-62
Seow, A., Yuan, J. M., Sun,
C. L., Van Den Berg, D., Lee, H. P., and Yu, M. C. (2002). Dietary isothiocyanates,
glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk in the Singapore
Chinese Health Study. Carcinogenesis 23, 2055-2061.
Shiau, M. Y., Wu, C. Y.,
Huang, C. N., Hu, S. W., Lin, S. J., and Chang, Y. H. (2003). TNF-alpha polymorphisms
and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwanese patients. Tissue Antigens 61, 393-397.
Shmeleva, V. M., Kapustin,
S. I., Papayan, L. P., Sobczynska-Malefora, A., Harrington, D. J., and Savidge,
G. F. (2003). Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism
in patients with arterial and venous thrombosis from North Western Russia. Thromb
Res 111, 351-356.
Sinha R, Chow WH, Kulldorff M, Denobile J, Butler
J, Garcia-Closas M, Weil R, Hoover RN, Rothman N. (1999). “Well-done,
grilled red meat increases the risk of colorectal adenomas.” Cancer
Res 59(17): 4320-4
Smith TJ, Yang CS. (2000).
"Effect of organosulfur compounds from garlic and cruciferous vegetables
on drug metabolism enzymes.” Drug Metabol Drug Interact 17(1-4):23-49
Spiteri, M. A., A. Bianco, et al. (2000). "Polymorphisms
at the glutathione S-transferase, GSTP1 locus: a novel mechanism for susceptibility
and development of atopic airway inflammation." Allergy 55(Suppl 61):
15-20.
Steinkellner H, Rabot S, Freywald C, Nobis E,
Scharf G, Chabicovsky M, Knasmuller S, Kassie F. (2001). “Effects
of cruciferous vegetables and their constituents on drug metabolizing enzymes
involved in the bioactivation of DNA-reactive dietary carcinogens.”
Mutat Res 480-481: 285-97
Stolzenberg-Solomon, R.
Z., Qiao, Y. L., Abnet, C. C., Ratnasinghe, D. L., Dawsey, S. M., Dong, Z. W.,
Taylor, P. R., and Mark, S. D. (2003). Esophageal and gastric cardia cancer risk
and folate- and vitamin B(12)-related polymorphisms in Linxian, China. Cancer
Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12, 1222-1226.
Strange, R. C., M. A. Spiteri, et al. (2001).
"Glutathione-S-transferase
family of enzymes." Mutat Res 482(1-2): 21-6.
Sunder-Plassmann, G., M. Fodinger, et al. (2000).
"Effect of
high dose folic acid therapy on hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients:
results of the Vienna multicenter study." J Am Soc Nephrol 11(6): 1106-16.
Takeshita, T. and K. Morimoto (2000). "Accumulation
of hemoglobin-associated acetaldehyde with habitual alcohol drinking in the atypical
ALDH2 genotype." Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24(1): 1-7.
Ueland, P. M., S. Hustad, et al. (2001). "Biological
and clinical implications of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism." Trends Pharmacol
Sci 22(4): 195-201.
Vakevainen S, Tillonen J, Agarwal DP, Srivastava
N, Salaspuro M. (2000). “High
salivary acetaldehyde after a moderate dose of alcohol in ALDH2-deficient subjects:
strong evidence for the local carcinogenic action of acetaldehyde.”
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22(4): 195-201
Van Iersel, M.L., H. Verhagen et al. (1999).
"The role of biotransformation
in dietary (anti)carcinogenesis." Mutation Research 443(1-2): 259-70.
Van Landeghem, G. F., P.
Tabatabaie, et al. (1999). "Ethnic
variation in the mitochondrial targeting sequence polymorphism of MnSOD."
Hum Hered 49(4): 190-3.
Vendrell, J., Fernandez-Real,
J. M., Gutierrez, C., Zamora, A., Simon, I., Bardaji, A., Ricart, W., and Richart,
C. (2003). A polymorphism in the promoter of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene
(-308) is associated with coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients.
Atherosclerosis 167, 257-264.
Verhoeff, B. J., M. D. Trip, et al. (1998).
"The effect of a
common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation on levels of homocysteine,
folate, vitamin B12 and on the risk of premature atherosclerosis." Atherosclerosis
141(1): 161-6.
Wallstrom, P., Frenkel,
K., Wirfalt, E., Gullberg, B., Karkoszka, J., Seidegard, J., Janzon, L., and Berglund,
G. (2003). Antibodies against 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine are associated with
lifestyle factors and GSTM1 genotype: a report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer
cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12, 444-451.
Wang, X., B. Zuckerman, et al. (2002). "Maternal
cigarette smoking, metabolic gene polymorphism, and infant birth weight."
Journal of the American Medical Association 287(2): 195 - 202
Willett WC. (1995). ”Diet,
nutrition, and avoidable cancer”. Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl
8): 165-170
Williams JA, Martin FL, Muir GH, Hewer A, Grover
PL, Phillips DH. (2000). “Metabolic
activation of carcinogens and expression of various cytochromes P450 in human
prostate tissue.” Carcinogenesis 21(9): 1683-9.
Woodson, K., Tangrea, J.
A., Lehman, T. A., Modali, R., Taylor, K. M., Snyder, K., Taylor, P. R., Virtamo,
J., and Albanes, D. (2003). Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) polymorphism,
alpha-tocopherol supplementation and prostate cancer risk in the alpha-tocopherol,
beta-carotene cancer prevention study (Finland). Cancer Causes Control 14, 513-518.
Wybranska, I., Malczewska-Malec,
M., Niedbal, S., Naskalski, J. W., and Dembinska-Kiec, A. (2003). The TNF-alpha
gene NcoI polymorphism at position -308 of the promoter influences insulin resistance,
and increases serum triglycerides after postprandial lipaemia in familiar obesity.
Clin Chem Lab Med 41, 501-510.
Yamauchi M, Takeda K, Sakamoto K, Searashi Y,
Uetake S, Kenichi And H, Toda G. (2001). “Association
of polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene with alcohol-induced testicular
atrophy.” Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25( Suppl 6): 16-8
Yokoyama A, Muramatsu T, Ohmori T, Yokoyama
T, Okuyama K, Takahashi H, Hasegawa Y, Higuchi S, Maruyama K, Shirakura K, Ishii
H. (1998). “Alcohol-related
cancers and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in Japanese alcoholics.” Carcinogenesis
19(8):1383-7
Zhao B, Seow A, Lee EJ, Poh WT, Teh M, Eng P,
Wang YT, Tan WC, Yu MC, Lee HP. (2001). “Dietary
isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase -M1, -T1 polymorphisms and lung cancer
risk among Chinese women in Singapore.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
Prev 10(10): 1063-7
Zusterzeel PL, Nelen WL, Roelofs HM, Peters
WH, Blom HJ, Steegers EA. (2000). “Polymorphisms
in biotransformation enzymes and the risk for recurrent early pregnancy loss.”
Mol Hum Reprod 6(5): 474-8